Buy Cocaine powder Cas-50-36-2

Buy Cocaine powder Cas-50-36-2

Cocaine is a tropane alkaloid and stimulant of the central nervous system, derived primarily from the leaves of two coca species native to South America: Erythroxylum coca and E. novogranatense.^{[17][18][19][20][21]} The leaves are processed into cocaine paste, a crude mixture of coca alkaloids, from which cocaine base is isolated and then converted to cocaine hydrochloride.^[21] Although total synthesis is possible, it is complex and not used for production.^[22] Historically, cocaine was a standard topical medication used as a local anesthetic with intrinsic vasoconstrictor properties. However, its high abuse potential, adverse effects, and cost have limited its medical use and led to its replacement by alternative medicines.^[23][24][25]

Street cocaine is commonly snorted, injected, or smoked as crack cocaine; its effects last up to 90 minutes depending on the route of administration.^[15][26] Pharmacologically, cocaine acts as a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI),^[7][27][20] producing reinforcing effects such as euphoria, increased alertness, concentration, libido, and reduced fatigue and appetite.^[28]

Cocaine has numerous adverse effects. Acute use can cause vasoconstriction, tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia, or seizures, while overdose may lead to stroke, heart attack, or sudden cardiac death.^[20][15][29] It also produces a spectrum of psychiatric symptoms, including agitation, paranoia, anxiety, irritability, psychosis, hallucinations, delusions, violence, and suicidal or homicidal thinking.^[30][20] Prenatal exposure poses risks to fetal development.^{[31][32][33][34]} Chronic use may result in cocaine dependence, withdrawal symptoms, neurotoxicity, and nasal damage, including cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions.^{[35][36][37][38][39][40]}

Coca cultivation and initial processing occur primarily in Latin America, especially in the Andes regions of Bolivia, Peru, and Colombia. Cultivation is expanding into Central America, including Honduras, Guatemala, and Belize.^{[21][41][42][43][44]} Violence linked to the cocaine trade continues to affect Latin America and the Caribbean and is expanding into Western Europe, Asia, and Africa as transnational organized crime groups compete globally.^[45][46] Cocaine remains the world’s fastest-growing illicit drug market.^[47][48]

Coca chewing dates back at least 8,000 years in South America.^[49] Large-scale cultivation occurred in Taiwan and Java prior to World War II.^[50][51] The cocaine boom—a sharp rise in illegal production and trade—began in the late 1970s and peaked in the 1980s.^[52] Cocaine is regulated under international drug control conventions, though its legal status varies nationally: several countries have decriminalized possession of small quantities.^{[53][54][55][56]}

Coca leaves have been used by Andean civilizations since ancient times.^[57] In ancient Wari culture,^[58] Inca culture, and through modern successor indigenous cultures of the Andes Mountains, coca leaves are chewed, taken orally in the form of a tea, or alternatively, prepared in a sachet wrapped around alkaline burnt ashes, and held in the mouth against the inner cheek; it has traditionally been used as an anorectic and to combat the effects of cold and altitude sickness,^[59][60] although its actual effectiveness has never been systematically studied.^[61]

Globally, in 2019, cocaine was used by an estimated 20 million people (0.4% of adults aged 15 to 64 years). The highest prevalence of cocaine use was in Australia and New Zealand (2.1%), followed by North America (2.1%), Western and Central Europe (1.4%), and South and Central America (1.0%).^[62] Since 1961, the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs has required countries to make recreational use of cocaine a crime.^[63] In the United States, cocaine is regulated as a Schedule II drug under the Controlled Substances Act, meaning that it has a high potential for abuse but has an accepted medical use.^[64] While rarely used medically anymore, its accepted uses include serving as a topical local anesthetic for the upper respiratory tract and as an antihemorrhagic agent to stop bleeding in the mouth, throat, and nasal cavities.^[65]

It is legal to use coca leaves in the Andean Community, such as Peru and Bolivia, and Argentina, where they are chewed, consumed as tea, or sometimes incorporated into food products.^[66] Coca leaves are typically mixed with an alkaline substance (such as slaked lime) and chewed into a wad that is retained in the buccal pouch (mouth between gum and cheek, much the same as chewing tobacco is chewed) and sucked of its juices. The juices are absorbed slowly by the mucous membrane of the inner cheek and by the gastrointestinal tract when swallowed.