Buy Toluene (toluol) Cas-108-88-3

Buy Toluene (toluol) Cas-108-88-3

Toluene (/ˈtɒl.juiːn/), also known as toluol (/ˈtɒl.ju.ɒl, –ɔːl, –oʊl/), is a substituted aromatic hydrocarbon^[15] with the chemical formula C₆H₅CH₃, often abbreviated as PhCH₃, where Ph stands for the phenyl group. It is a colorless, water-insoluble liquid with the odor associated with paint thinners. It is a mono-substituted benzene derivative, consisting of a methyl group (CH₃) attached to a phenyl group by a single bond. As such, its systematic IUPAC name is methylbenzene. Toluene is predominantly used as an industrial feedstock and a solvent. Buy Toluene (toluol) Cas-108-88-3

As the solvent in some types of paint thinner, permanent markers, contact cement and certain types of glue, toluene is sometimes used as a recreational inhalant^[16] and has the potential of causing severe neurological harm.^{[17][18] Buy Toluene (toluol) Cas-108-88-3}

The compound was first isolated in 1837 through a distillation of pine oil by Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Filip Neriusz Walter, who named it rétinnaphte.^[19][20] In 1841, Henri Étienne Sainte-Claire Deville isolated a hydrocarbon from balsam of Tolu (an aromatic extract from the tropical Colombian tree Myroxylon balsamum), which Deville recognized as similar to Walter’s rétinnaphte and to benzene; hence he called the new hydrocarbon benzoène.^[21][22][23] In 1843, Jöns Jacob Berzelius recommended the name toluin.^[24] In 1850, French chemist Auguste Cahours isolated from a distillate of wood a hydrocarbon which he recognized as similar to Deville’s benzoène and which Cahours named toluène.^{[25][26] Buy Toluene (toluol) Cas-108-88-3}

The distance between carbon atoms in the toluene ring is 0.1399 nm. The C-CH₃ bond is longer at 0.1524 nm, while the average C-H bond length is 0.111 nm.^{[27] Buy Toluene (toluol) Cas-108-88-3}

Toluene reacts as a normal aromatic hydrocarbon in electrophilic aromatic substitution.^[28][29][30] Because the methyl group has greater electron-releasing properties than a hydrogen atom in the same position, toluene is more reactive than benzene toward electrophiles. It undergoes sulfonation to give p-toluenesulfonic acid, and chlorination by Cl₂ in the presence of FeCl₃ to give ortho- and para- isomers of chlorotoluene. Buy Toluene (toluol) Cas-108-88-3

Nitration of toluene gives mono-, di-, and trinitrotoluene, all of which are widely used. Dinitrotoluene is the precursor to toluene diisocyanate, a precursor to polyurethane foam. Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is an explosive.

Complete hydrogenation of toluene gives methylcyclohexane. The reaction requires a high pressure of hydrogen and a catalyst. Buy Toluene (toluol) Cas-108-88-3

The C-H bonds of the methyl group in toluene are benzylic, therefore they are weaker than C-H bonds in simpler alkanes. Reflecting this weakness, the methyl group in toluene undergoes a variety of free radical reactions. For example, when heated with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) in the presence of AIBN, toluene converts to benzyl bromide. The same conversion can be effected with elemental bromine in the presence of UV light or even sunlight. Buy Toluene (toluol) Cas-108-88-3

Toluene may also be brominated by treating it with HBr and H₂O₂ in the presence of light.^[31]

C₆H₅CH₃ + Br₂ → C₆H₅CH₂Br + HBr

Benzoic acid and benzaldehyde are produced commercially by partial oxidation of toluene with oxygen. Typical catalysts include cobalt or manganese naphthenates.^[32] Related but laboratory-scale oxidations involve the use of potassium permanganate to yield benzoic acid and chromyl chloride to yield benzaldehyde (Étard reaction). Buy Toluene (toluol) Cas-108-88-3

The methyl group in toluene undergoes deprotonation only with very strong bases; its pK_a is estimated using acidity trends to be approximately 43 in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)^[33][34] and its ion pair acidity is extrapolated to be 41.2 in cyclohexylamine (Cesium Cyclohexylamide) using a Bronsted correlation. Buy Toluene (toluol) Cas-108-88-3

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   • CAS: 108-88-3
   • Molecular Formula: C7H8

   • MDL Number: MFCD00008512
   • Molecular Weight (g/mol): 92.14
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   • CAS number: 108-88-3
   • EC index number: 601-021-00-3

   • Catalogue Number: 108327
   • Synonyms: Toluene, Methylbenzene, Toluol
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